Effects of cognitive- and motor-dual tasks on postural control regularity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundHigh injury rates following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) motivate the need to better understand lingering movement deficiencies following return to sport. Athletic competition involves various types of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges; however, postural control deficiencies during this spectrum of conditions are not well understood following ACLR.Research questionTo what extent is postural control altered following ACLR in the presence of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges, and does postural control correlate with patient-reported symptoms?MethodsFourteen individuals following ACLR (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 2.4 yr, 76.9 ± 19.1 kg, 1.70 ± 0.14 m) and fourteen matched healthy controls (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 1.4 yr, 75.4 ± 15.3 kg, 1.70 ± 0.15 m) participated in the study. Participants completed single-leg balance, ACLR limb or matched side for controls, under four conditions: 1) eyes open, 2) eyes closed, 3) visual-cognitive dual task (i.e., reverse digit span), and 4) motor dual task (i.e., catching a ball). Sample entropy (SEn) was calculated for each balance condition to characterize regularity of center of pressure control. Participants also completed patient-reported outcomes to characterize self-reported knee function, symptoms, and fear. A mixed effects model tested for differences in SEn between balance conditions, and Spearman correlations tested for relationships between SEn and patient-reported outcomes.ResultsA significant Group-by-Condition interaction was detected (P = 0.043). While the motor dual task and eyes closed balance conditions were associated with the lowest SEn for both groups, only the visual-cognitive dual task condition demonstrated a significant difference between groups, with the ACLR group having lower SEn [95% confidence interval for ΔSEn: (0.03, 0.35)]. Lower KOOS-Sport scores were associated with decreased SEn for the ACLR group (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.001).SignificanceThese findings are consistent with ACLR individuals using a less automatic approach to postural control compared to controls, particularly when presented with a visual-cognitive challenge. Altered neuromuscular control persists well after ACLR surgery and can be related to patient-reported outcomes.     

双源CT多定量参数对胃癌的诊断价值及与HER2的相关性

目的:探讨门脉期双源CT多个定量参数与胃腺癌病理分化程度及HER2的相关性。方法: 回顾性分析2018年7月至2019年4月间于陕西省人民医院行双源CT双能量扫描的48例经胃镜活检(21例)或手术病理证实（27例）的胃腺癌及30例正常胃的影像学资料，其中27例HER2指标明确，通过西门子第二代双源CT扫描获得静脉期双能量图像，利用syngo.via软件获得曲线斜率、门脉期碘浓度、标准化碘浓度；将患者分为胃腺癌与正常胃壁组，高、中、低分化胃腺癌组，HER2阳性组（+，++，+++）与HER2阴性组（-）。统计学方法采用Kappa一致性检验、ROC曲线法、两独立样本t检验及方差分析。结果:活检与术后病理结果具有较强的一致性（Kappa系数为0.701），两者无明显差异；胃腺癌与正常胃壁两组间能谱曲线斜率（1.35±0.24、2.19±0.71）及标准化碘浓度（0.31±0.079、0.54±0.157）均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），曲线下面积分别为0.992、0.919；低分化、中分化及高分化胃腺癌能谱曲线斜率值（3.07±0.67，2.63±0.57，2.01±0.39）组间及组内差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），低分化、中分化及高分化胃腺癌门脉期标准化碘浓度(0.60±0.167，0.52±0.089，0.36±0.039)组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），中分化组与低分化组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），高分化组与中、低分化组均具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。HER2阳性组与阴性组的能谱曲线斜率及标准化碘浓度值无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论:能谱曲线斜率及门脉期标准化碘浓度值有助于对胃腺癌进行诊断并推测病理分化程度；双源CT定量参数与免疫组化指标HER2无相关性。     

中成药欧盟注册分析

自2004年起，欧盟和美国分别发布了《传统植物药注册程序指令》和《植物药产品指南》，掀起了中药的新篇章，西方发达国家第一次在法律层面上认可中药作为药品的地位，现通过对欧盟植物药注册法规法律的探讨以及注册成功案例的分析，为我国中成药国际化注册提供一定参考。     

北京地区3859名体检人群骨密度调查及骨量异常患病率分析

目的调查北京地区健康体检人群骨密度的情况以及骨量减少和骨质疏松的患病率,为骨质疏松症的防治提供参考。方法选择2017年1月至2018年12月在中日友好医院健康体检中心进行健康体检的人群,排除继发性骨质疏松症及其他影响骨代谢的因素,共3859名。其中男性2067名,女性1792名。年龄20~83岁,平均年龄(51.29±11.18)岁,按性别及年龄每10年一组。采用美国GE公司的LUNAR Prodigy双能X线骨密度仪测量受试者腰椎1~4正位及股骨颈和全髋的骨密度。分析各组不同部位骨密度情况及骨量异常(包括骨量减少和骨质疏松)的患病率。采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果①男性腰椎1~4骨密度峰值在20~29岁,股骨颈和全髋骨密度峰值在30~39岁。女性各部位骨密度峰值均在30~39岁。②随年龄增长,男性和女性骨量异常患病率均呈上升趋势,50岁以上女性骨量异常患病率显著上升,明显高于同年龄组男性。③30~59岁男性和女性腰椎骨量异常患病率均明显高于髋部;70岁以上男性和60岁以上女性髋部骨量异常患病率明显高于腰椎。结论中老年人群尤其是绝经后女性是骨质疏松症的高危人群;老年人群的骨质疏松筛查可以考虑选择髋部骨密度为主。     

Disrupting the System: An Innovative Model of Comprehensive Care

Despite health care reform, our nation continues to struggle containing health care costs while meeting the needs of persons with behavioral health disorders and comorbid chronic care conditions. The purpose of this article is to propose that dually certified primary care and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners may be the disruptive innovation that becomes the solution for improving the coordination and care for high-need patients while containing costs. The concepts of disruptive innovation, integrated care, and whole person care are discussed followed by an introduction to the innovative primary care and psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner’s role and its potential for health care system disruption. Finally, a call to nursing is proffered to seize current opportunities to meet the Triple Aim challenge by providing whole person care that is high-quality, cost-effective, and satisfactory to patients because it is truly patient centered and meets their needs.     

Premature Ticagrelor Discontinuation in Secondary Prevention of Atherosclerotic CVD: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Ticagrelor is a cornerstone of modern antithrombotic therapy alongside aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Adverse effects such as bleeding and dyspnea have been associated with premature ticagrelor discontinuation, which may limit any potential advantage of ticagrelor over clopidogrel. The randomized trials of ticagrelor captured adverse events, offering the opportunity to more precisely quantify these effects across studies. Therefore, a meta-analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials of ticagrelor conducted between January 2007 and June 2017 was performed to quantify the incidence and causes of premature ticagrelor discontinuation. Among 66,870 patients followed for a median 18 months, premature ticagrelor discontinuation was seen in 25%; bleeding was the most common cause of discontinuation followed by dyspnea. Versus the comparators, the relative risk of dyspnea-related discontinuation during follow-up was 6.4-fold higher, the relative risk of bleeding was 3.2-fold higher, and the relative risk of discontinuation due to any adverse event was 59% higher for patients receiving ticagrelor. Understanding these potential barriers to adherence to ticagrelor is crucial for informed patient-physician decision making and can inform future efforts to improve ticagrelor adherence. This review discusses the incidence, causes, and biological mechanisms of ticagrelor-related adverse effects and offers strategies to improve adherence to ticagrelor.